ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to assess and compare quantitatively the presence of S100+ Langerhans cells (LC) by immunochemistry techniques in HIV+ and HIV- gingivitis and periodontitis subjects. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate the correlation among densities of these cells with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and viral load levels in HIV+ subjects, all using Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). The samples were allocated into four groups: 1) 15 subjects with moderate chronic periodontitis (MCP), HIV+; 2) 15 subjects with MCP, HIV-; 3) 10 subjects with gingivitis (G), HIV+; and 4) 10 subjects with G, HIV-. The S100+ cells were assessed in the pocket epithelium, gingival epithelium, and lamina propria. A statistically significant increase of total S100+ cells in HIV+ periodontitis subjects was observed in relation to HIV- periodontitis subjects. No increase of S100+ cells with increased inflammation was observed. No statistically significant correlation among S100+ cells and blood levels of CD4, CD8, and viral load was observed. In conclusion, the use of HAART can aid in achieving viral loads, and it is suggested that it may prevent the destruction of the LC.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Gingivitis/pathology , HIV Infections/pathology , Langerhans Cells/pathology , Periodontitis/pathology , /immunology , /immunology , Cell Count , Gingivitis/immunology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/immunology , Langerhans Cells/drug effects , Langerhans Cells/immunology , Periodontitis/immunology , /analysis , Statistics, Nonparametric , T-Lymphocytes , Viral LoadABSTRACT
Effects of elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum) volatile oil (GVO) and trichothecene (T-2) toxin were studied in Swiss albino mice. The animals were 1) topically applied GVO, 2) topically applied T-2 toxin, 3) topically applied GVO followed by T-2 toxin (GVO/T-2), and 4) T-2 toxin application followed by GVO (T-2/GVO) on the right footpad. All animals were observed by Langerhans cell enumeration and pathological changes of the footpad on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. The number of Langerhans cells in the GVO treated group (1,097 +/- 33/mm2 to 1,624 +/- 19/mm2) was not significantly different when compared with the corresponding control left footpad (1,143 +/- 33/mm2 to 1,674 +/- 21/mm2). Langerhans cells density in T-2 toxin treated group (629 +/- 29/mm2to 1,090 +/- 31/mm2) was reduced by 20-35% of the opposite control footpad (962 +/- 40/mm2 to 1,392 +/- 29/mm2). Furthermore, GVO/T-2 and T-2/GVO treated mice showed a decrease in Langerhans cell number than a single T-2 toxin treated group. While Langerhans cells in T-2 toxin, GVO/T-2 and T-2/GVO groups revealed a smaller cell size with shortening dendritic processes when compare to the normal control group. Histopathological findings of the footpad skin in T-2 toxin treated group revealed epidermal desquamation and necrosis with edema and inflammatory cells infiltration. While GVO/T-2 and T-2/GVO showed a similar sequence but a lesser severe degree. These findings suggested that GVO both in pre- and posttreatment could protect T-2 toxin induced epidermal damage in a mouse footpad.
Subject(s)
Animals , Garlic , Langerhans Cells/drug effects , Male , Mice , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Random Allocation , Skin/drug effects , T-2 Toxin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The acute effects of streptozotocin [STZ]-induced diabetes mellitus on serum calcium, parathyroid hormone [PTH] and creatinine clearance were studied in 20 experimental rats compared with 10 normal controls. The results showed significant hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, hypercalciuria and decreased creatinine clearance
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Male , Calcium/blood , Parathyroid Hormone/blood , Creatinine , Langerhans Cells/drug effects , RatsABSTRACT
A study was made on Langerhans cells (LC) in the dermal lesions of leprosy after epicutaneous application of 2:4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to the lesion. LC were quantitated with OKT6 monoclonal antibody and indirect immunofluorescence. A depletion or reduction in the numbers of CD1+ epidermal LC was observed at both 4 and 24 hours after the application of DNCB in the lesions of both tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy, compared to untreated lesions.
Subject(s)
Administration, Cutaneous , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Cell Count/drug effects , Dinitrochlorobenzene/therapeutic use , Humans , Langerhans Cells/drug effects , Leprosy, Lepromatous/drug therapy , Leprosy, Tuberculoid/drug therapyABSTRACT
Using anti-T6 and anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies, this study was designed to attain what would do to epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) markers in psoriatic patients when two remedies, etretinate and UVB, having controversial effects on LC were put to use simultaneously. In normal and psoriatic subjects, HLA-DR+ LC was approximately 80% of T6+ LC and a single dose of UVB equivalent to minimal erythema dose (MED), reduced LC membrane markers to approximately 30% of non-irradiated control. The recovery of LC membrane markers, after a single dose of UVB exposure were significantly faster in the group of etretinate treated psoriatic subject than only UVB irradiated psoriatic control. Taken together, seemed to exert prompt recovery of normalization of the number of LC from the depletion following the UVB.